How do you prune basil to make it bushy?

The key to a bushy basil plant is frequent pruning. Once the plant has three or four sets of leaves, pinch or snip off the top set, right above a leaf node (where two leaves emerge from the stem). This will encourage the plant to send out two new stems from that node, doubling its growth. Continue to do this with every new, tall stem. Also, be sure to pinch off any flower buds that form to keep the plant's energy focused on leaf production.

Why are the leaves on my basil plant turning yellow?

Yellowing lower leaves on a basil plant are often a sign of overwatering or poor drainage, which suffocates the roots. Yellow leaves all over the plant can indicate a nitrogen deficiency. Ensure the soil is well-draining and allow the top inch to dry out between waterings. If you suspect a nutrient issue, feed the plant with a balanced liquid fertilizer.

How to Grow Basil: A Guide to This Essential Herb

Basil is the fragrance of summer and a cornerstone of many cuisines, from Italian to Thai. This fast-growing herb is easy to cultivate in gardens or containers, providing a season-long supply for pesto, salads, and sauces.

Planting & Spacing

When to Plant

Basil is a tender annual that cannot tolerate frost. Plant seedlings or seeds outdoors well after the last frost date, once nighttime temperatures are reliably above 50°F (10°C). Basil loves heat.

Pro Tip for Desert Gardeners (Mesa, AZ): While basil is primarily a summer crop, you can plant a new batch in early September to take advantage of the remaining warm weather. It will thrive through the fall but will need to be protected or brought indoors if a rare frost threatens.

Sun and Soil

Give basil a spot with 6-8 hours of direct sun. It needs moist, rich, well-draining soil. Amending your soil with compost will provide the nutrients it needs to flourish.

Spacing

Space basil plants about 10-12 inches apart to allow for good air circulation and bushy growth.

Watering & Care

Watering

Water basil regularly to keep the soil evenly moist, but not waterlogged. Water at the base of the plant to prevent fungal issues. During hot spells, container-grown basil may need to be watered daily.

Pruning is Essential

The secret to a productive basil plant is regular harvesting and pruning. Once the plant is about 6 inches tall, begin pinching off the top set of leaves on each stem. This forces the plant to branch out, becoming bushier and more productive. Always pinch off any flower spikes that appear; allowing the plant to flower will cause the leaves to become less flavorful.

Common Pests & Diseases

Aphids

Check the undersides of leaves for these small pests. A quick spray from the hose can knock them off. For persistent problems, apply insecticidal soap.

Downy Mildew

This disease causes yellowing leaves with a fuzzy, grayish growth on the underside. It thrives in damp conditions. Prevent it by spacing plants properly for good airflow and watering in the morning so leaves can dry during the day.

Harvesting

Harvest basil frequently throughout the growing season by pinching off stems just above a pair of leaves. This encourages the plant to keep producing. You can harvest individual leaves as needed, but regular pruning is best for the plant's health. Harvest in the morning for the most intense flavor. Basil can be used fresh, dried, or frozen in ice cube trays with a little water or olive oil for later use.