Why are my pepper plants dropping their flowers?

Flower drop (or blossom drop) in peppers is most often caused by temperature stress. Consistently high temperatures (above 90°F / 32°C) or low temperatures (below 60°F / 15°C) can interfere with pollination, causing the plant to drop its flowers. Irregular watering and nitrogen imbalances can also be contributing factors.

Why are my green bell peppers not turning red?

Patience is key! Most red, yellow, or orange bell peppers start out green and change color as they ripen on the plant. This process can take several weeks after the pepper has reached its full size. Cooler temperatures can slow down the ripening process. As long as the plant is healthy, the peppers should eventually turn their mature color.

How to Grow Peppers: Sweet & Hot Varieties

Peppers are a diverse and rewarding group of plants, offering a spectrum of flavors from sweet and mild to scorching hot. They thrive in heat and sun, making them a staple of summer gardens around the world.

Planting & Spacing

When to Plant

Peppers love warmth. Plant seedlings outdoors 2-3 weeks after the last frost date, once the soil temperature is consistently above 65°F (18°C). Start seeds indoors 8-10 weeks before your transplant date.

Pro Tip for Desert Gardeners (Mesa, AZ): Early September is an ideal time to plant pepper seedlings for a fantastic fall and winter harvest. The plants will establish before the extreme heat subsides and produce well into the cooler months.

Sun and Soil

Choose a location that receives at least 6-8 hours of full sun. Peppers require fertile, well-draining soil. Mix in a generous amount of compost at planting time to provide a strong start.

Spacing

Space pepper plants 18-24 inches apart, depending on the variety. This ensures good air circulation, which helps prevent fungal diseases.

Watering & Care

Watering

Water deeply and consistently, providing about 1-2 inches of water per week. Inconsistent watering can lead to problems like blossom end rot. Use a soaker hose or drip irrigation to water at the base of the plant and keep the foliage dry.

Fertilizing

Use a balanced fertilizer at planting time. Once peppers begin to form, switch to a fertilizer that is higher in phosphorus and potassium (the last two numbers on the label) to encourage fruit development rather than leafy growth.

Common Pests & Diseases

Aphids

These tiny insects cluster on new growth and the undersides of leaves. A strong spray of water from the hose can dislodge them. For heavier infestations, use insecticidal soap.

Sunscald

In areas with intense sun, peppers can develop soft, papery, light-colored spots on the fruit where the sun hits directly. A healthy, leafy canopy is the best defense. In very hot climates, using a 30% shade cloth during the hottest part of the day can protect the fruit.

Harvesting

Peppers can be harvested at any stage, but their flavor (and heat, for hot varieties) develops as they ripen to their mature color. Use scissors or pruners to cut the peppers from the plant, leaving a small piece of stem attached. Regular harvesting encourages the plant to produce more fruit.